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It is the surgical intervention for both cystocele (protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina) and rectocele (protrusion of the rectum into the vagina). [citation needed] The repair may be to either or both of the anterior (front) or posterior (rear) vaginal walls, thus the origin of some of its alternative names. [1] [2] [3]
Comparison between the vaginal condition before and after conducting perineoplasty. Perineorrhaphy is a common technique that is involved in the procedure, which aims to repair the perineum (i.e. the area between the vagina and anus) surgically. [24] It can be performed with or without levator ani plication to tighten the pelvic floor muscles. [24]
For posterior vaginal repair, the use of mesh or graft material does not seem to provide any benefits. [14] Compared to native tissue repair, transvaginal permanent mesh likely reduces the perception of vaginal prolapse sensation, the risk of recurrent prolapse, and of having repeat surgery specifically only for prolapse.
Posterior view of Sims' position Anterior view of Sims' position The Sims position , or left lateral Sims position, named after the gynaecologist J. Marion Sims , is usually used for rectal examination , treatments, enemas , and examining patients for vaginal wall prolapse .
The absence of vaginal rugae seen in the normal vagina of a healthy woman may be an indication of a prolapsed bladder (cystocele) or rectocele. [13] [12] An enterocele, or bulging of the bowel into the vagina can also cause vaginal rugae to disappear. [16] The absence of vaginal rugae may also be an indicator of pelvic organ prolapse.
In gynecology, a rectocele (/ ˈ r ɛ k t ə s iː l / REK-tə-seel) or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges into the vagina. [1] Two common causes of this defect are childbirth and hysterectomy. [2] Rectocele also tends to occur with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse, such as enterocele, sigmoidocele and cystocele. [1]
In severe cases, surgery may be used to repair or even to reconstruct the pelvic floor. [14] One surgery which interrupts pelvic floor musculature in males is a radical prostatectomy . With the removal of the prostate , many males experience urinary incontinence post operation; pelvic floor exercises may be used to counteract this pre and post ...
The vaginal support structures are those muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, membranes and fascia, of the pelvic floor that maintain the position of the vagina within the pelvic cavity and allow the normal functioning of the vagina and other reproductive structures in the female.