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Tooth wear is predominantly the result of a combination of three processes; attrition, abrasion and erosion. [3] These forms of tooth wear can further lead to a condition known as abfraction , [ 3 ] where by tooth tissue is 'fractured' due to stress lesions caused by extrinsic forces on the enamel.
Thus, if erosion and bruxism both exist, surface loss due to attrition is faster. Severe attrition in young patients is usually associated with erosive factors in their diets. [7] The different physiological processes of tooth wear (abrasion, attrition and erosion) usually occur simultaneously and rarely work individually.
Evidence suggest there is a decrease in the effect of dental abrasion with dental erosion when fluoride varnish is applied onto teeth. [29] Successful treatment focuses on the prevention and progression on the condition and modifies the current habit/s instigating the condition.
Acid erosion is a type of tooth wear. It is defined as the irreversible loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. [1] Dental erosion is the most common chronic condition of children ages 5–17, [2] although it is only relatively recently that it has been recognised as a dental health problem. [3]
Abfraction is a form of non-carious tooth tissue loss that occurs along the gingival margin. [2] In other words, abfraction is a mechanical loss of tooth structure that is not caused by tooth decay, located along the gum line. There is theoretical evidence to support the concept of abfraction, but little experimental evidence exists. [3]
Non-carious cervical lesions on an incisor belonging to Australopithecus africanus. Arrows show the location of the lesions. Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are a group of lesions that are characterised by a loss of hard dental tissue at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) region at the neck of the tooth, without the action of microorganisms or inflammatory processes. [1]
Resorption of the root of the tooth, or root resorption, is the progressive loss of dentin and cementum by the action of odontoclasts. [4] Root resorption is a normal physiological process that occurs in the exfoliation of the primary dentition.
Pulp necrosis arises due to the cellular death within the pulp chamber – this can occur with or without the involvement of bacteria. [1] It is the result of various connective tissue disease progressions which occur in stages; normal healthy tissue becomes inflamed (i.e. pulpitis) which if left untreated leads to necrosis and infection and ...