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The VLM is the extension of Prandtl's lifting-line theory, [2] where the wing of an aircraft is modeled as an infinite number of Horseshoe vortices. The name was coined by V.M. Falkner in his Aeronautical Research Council paper of 1946. [3] The method has since then been developed and refined further by W.P. Jones, H. Schlichting, G.N. Ward and ...
A starting vortex behind a wing profile, made visible by plotting pressure distribution in a CFD simulation.. In fluid dynamics, the starting vortex is a vortex which forms in the air adjacent to the trailing edge of an airfoil as it is accelerated from rest. [1]
Both aircraft have a similar wing area, again reflecting the Mustang's superior aerodynamics in spite of much larger size. [1] In another comparison with the Camel, a very large but streamlined aircraft such as the Lockheed Constellation has a considerably smaller zero-lift drag coefficient (0.0211 vs. 0.0378) in spite of having a much larger ...
[1] [2] A starting vortex is shed as the wing begins to move through the fluid. This vortex dissipates under the action of viscosity, [3] as do the trailing vortices which eventually dissipate far behind the aircraft. The downwash is associated with induced drag and is a component of the system of trailing vortices. [4]
The original American sphere-cone aeroshell was the Mk-2 RV (reentry vehicle), which was developed in 1955 by the General Electric Corp. The Mk-2's design was derived from blunt-body theory and used a radiatively cooled thermal protection system (TPS) based upon a metallic heat shield (the different TPS types are later described in this article).
Section 5.3 More generally, a pitching moment is any moment acting on the pitch axis of a moving body. The lift on an airfoil is a distributed force that can be said to act at a point called the center of pressure. However, as angle of attack changes on a cambered airfoil, there is movement of the center of pressure forward and aft. This makes ...
C D varies with α 2; C L and C D vary with Reynolds number and Mach number; q, the dynamic pressure, is equal to 1/2 ρv 2, where ρ is atmospheric density, modeled for Earth as a function of altitude in the International Standard Atmosphere (using an assumed temperature distribution, hydrostatic pressure variation, and the ideal gas law); and
The semi-chord is used instead of the chord due to its use in the derivation of unsteady lift based on thin airfoil theory. [3] Based on the value of reduced frequency "k", we can roughly divide the flow into: Steady state aerodynamics – k=0; Quasi-steady aerodynamics – 0≤k≤0.05