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A floating storage and offloading unit (FSO) is essentially an FPSO without the capability for oil or gas processing. [1] Most FSOs are converted single hull supertankers . An example is Knock Nevis , ex Seawise Giant , which for many years was the world's largest ship.
A spar is a marine structure, used for floating oil/gas platforms. Named after navigation channel Spar buoys, spar platforms were developed as an extreme deepwater alternative to conventional platforms. [1] The deep draft design of spars makes them less affected by wind, wave, and currents and allows for both dry tree and subsea production.
Floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) A floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) is an LNG terminal whose main structure is a special ship moored near a port. As of January 2014 there are operating FSRUs in Brazil , Argentina , Kuwait , Israel , the UAE , Italy , Indonesia , China , Turkey and Lithuania .
Unlike floating production storage and offloading units , FLNGs will also allow full scale deep processing, as an onshore LNG plant does [2] but will reduce its footprint to 25%t [citation needed]. The first 3 FLNG's were constructed in 2016: Prelude FLNG ( Shell ), PFLNG1 and PFLNG2 ( Petronas ).
External floating roof tank (double deck type) An external floating roof tank is a storage tank commonly used to store large quantities of petroleum products such as crude oil or condensate. It consists of an open- topped cylindrical steel shell equipped with a roof that floats on the surface of the stored liquid.
These floating units reduce oil production costs and offer mobility, large storage capacity, and production versatility. [ 114 ] FPSO and FSOs are often created out of old, stripped-down oil tankers, but can be made from new-built hulls; [ 114 ] Shell España first used a tanker as an FPSO in August 1977. [ 115 ]
Cylindrical fuel storage tank with fixed roof and internal floating roof. Capacity approx 2,000,000 litres. The word "tank" originally meant "artificial lake" and came from India, perhaps via Portuguese tanque. It may have some connection with: Some Indian language words similar to "tak" or "tank" and meaning "reservoir for water".
LNG gasification plants can be located on land as well as on floating barges, i.e. a Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU). Floating barge mounted plants have the advantage that they can be towed to new offshore locations for better usage in response to changes in the business environment.