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IEEE 802.1D is the Ethernet MAC bridges standard which includes bridging, Spanning Tree Protocol and others. It is standardized by the IEEE 802.1 working group. It includes details specific to linking many of the other 802 projects including the widely deployed 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.11 (Wireless LAN) and 802.16 (WiMax) standards.
The original Perlman-inspired Spanning Tree Protocol, called DEC STP, is not a standard and differs from the IEEE version in message format as well as timer settings. Some bridges implement both the IEEE and the DEC versions of the Spanning Tree Protocol, but their interworking can create issues for the network administrator. [16]
It was originally defined in IEEE 802.1s as an amendment to 802.1Q, 1998 edition and later merged into IEEE 802.1Q-2005 Standard, clearly defines an extension or an evolution of Radia Perlman's Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP).
802.1D-1998: MAC Bridges (rollup of 802.1D-1990, 802.1j, 802.6k, P802.12e and P802.1p) Superseded by 802.1D-2004 P802.1r GARP Proprietary Attribute Registration Protocol (GPRP) Withdrawn 802.1t-2001 Technical and Editorial corrections for 802.1D-1998 Incorporated into 802.1D-2004 802.1w-2001: Rapid Reconfiguration of Spanning Tree Incorporated ...
IEEE 802.1aq is an amendment to the IEEE 802.1Q networking standard which adds support for Shortest Path Bridging (SPB).This technology is intended to simplify the creation and configuration of Ethernet networks while enabling multipath routing.
Despite Perlman's concerns that it took the spanning tree protocol about a minute to react when changes in the network topology occurred, during which time a loop could bring down the network, it was standardized as 802.1d by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Perlman said that the benefits of the protocol amount to ...
Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) resolves redundant physical topology into a loop-free, tree-like forwarding topology via blocking one or more ports. However, Unidirectional Link failure can cause "traffic blackholing" and loops in the Switch topology.
This produces server-to-switch or switch-to-switch connections that are up to 8 times faster. Prior to MLT and other aggregation techniques, parallel links were underutilized due to Spanning Tree Protocol’s loop protection. Fault-tolerant design is an important aspect of Multi-Link Trunking technology. Should any one or more than one link ...