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Intestinal metaplasia is the transformation of epithelium (usually of the stomach or the esophagus) into a type of epithelium resembling that found in the intestine. In the esophagus, this is called Barrett's esophagus .
Intestinal metaplasia is a premalignant condition that increases the risk for subsequent gastric cancer. [4] Intestinal metaplasia lesions with an active DNA damage response will likely undergo extended latency in the premalignant state until further damaging hits override the DNA damage response leading to clonal expansion and progression. [4]
It begins with normal tissue and long-term inflammation causes the cells to undergo atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and finally, becomes an adenoma or carcinoma. [2] Given this progression, these lesions represent a potentially cancerous growths and an important opportunity to prevent gastrointestinal cancer.
The presence of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus represents a marker for the progression of metaplasia towards dysplasia and eventually adenocarcinoma. This factor combined with two different immunohistochemical expression of p53, Her2 and p16 leads to two different genetic pathways that likely progress to dysplasia in Barrett's ...
Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. [4] Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. [4] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. [5]
Dysplasia (change in cell or tissue phenotype) Hyperplasia (proliferation of cells) Hypoplasia (congenital below-average number of cells, especially when inadequate) Metaplasia (conversion in cell type) Neoplasia (abnormal proliferation) Prosoplasia (development of new cell function) Abiotrophy (loss in vitality of organ or tissue)
The most common example of metaplasia is Barrett's esophagus, when the non-keratinizing squamous epithelium of the esophagus undergoes metaplasia to become mucinous columnar cells, ultimately protecting the esophagus from acid reflux originating in the stomach. If stress persists, metaplasia can progress to dysplasia and eventually carcinoma ...
Similar to that of the oesophagus, CLE is able to detect early gastric cancer, as well as premalignant conditions, such as gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 6 ] CLE can detect and distinguish the stomach pit patterns to identify the disease in accordance with the Miami classification, which was refined in 2016 to include both ...