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Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung. [5] Symptoms typically include a chronic cough with mucus production. [3] Other symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and chest pain. [2] Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur. [2] Those with the disease often get lung ...
M. avium and M. haemophilum infections in children form a distinct clinical entity, not associated with abnormalities of the immune system. M. avium typically causes unilateral swelling of one of the lymph nodes of the neck. This node is firm at the beginning, but a 'collar-stud' abscess is formed eventually, which is a characteristic blue ...
Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical history, the characteristic expiratory airway collapse on radiological investigation, and exclusion of other causes of congenital and acquired bronchiectasis. Pathology of the affected bronchi by bronchoscopy showing the deficiency of cartilaginous plates in the bronchial wall is the confirmatory test. [3]
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction.Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself.
Bronchiolitis obliterans results in worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and a dry cough.The symptoms can start gradually, or severe symptoms can occur suddenly. [9] [10] These symptoms represent an obstructive pattern that is non-reversible with bronchodilator therapy, and need to be related to various lung insults. [11]
The splint helps strengthen the trachea with the hopes that the symptoms improve. [2] People with tracheobronchomalacia who do not experience symptoms do not need treatment and are often undiagnosed. [2] On 28 May 2013, it was reported that a cure had been developed via a 3D printed windpipe. [14]
In children, hemoptysis is commonly caused by the presence of a foreign body in the airway. Other common causes include lung cancers and tuberculosis . Less common causes include aspergilloma , bronchiectasis , coccidioidomycosis , pulmonary embolism , pneumonic plague , and cystic fibrosis .
[1] [9] Diagnosis is typically based on a person's signs and symptom. [4] The color of the sputum does not indicate if the infection is viral or bacterial. [1] Determining the underlying organism is typically not needed. [1] Other causes of similar symptoms include asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, and COPD.