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1–3 years: 63 μg/d (2500 IU/d) 4–8 years: 75 μg/d (3000 IU/d) 9+ years: 100 μg/d (4000 IU/d) Pregnant and lactating: 100 μg/d (4000 IU/d) As shown in the Dietary intake section, different government organizations have set different ULs for age groups, but there is accord on the adult maximum of 100 μg/d (4000 IU/d).
In that study, the compliance calculation could be questionable since only random samples of the returned medications were counted. In a study by De Niet et al., [72] 60 subjects with vitamin D deficiency were randomized to receive 2000 IU vitamin D3 daily or 50 000 IU monthly. They reported a similar efficacy of the two dosing frequencies ...
Doses greater than 40 000 IU (1000 μg) per day are generally required before high blood calcium occurs. [12] Normal doses, 800–2000 IU per day, are safe in pregnancy. [5] Cholecalciferol was first described in 1936. [13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [14]
The recommended dietary allowance is 15 μg/d (600 IU per day; 800 IU for those over 70 years). Overdose has been observed at 1,925 μg/d (77,000 IU per day). [citation needed] Acute overdose requires between 15,000 μg/d (600,000 IU per day) and 42,000 μg/d (1,680,000 IU per day) over a period of several days to months.
Vitamin D3, aka cholecalciferol, is important for bone health and immune function. Experts discuss benefits, sources, risks and who needs a supplement. How to get the most out of vitamin D3
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Fetal alcohol syndrome usually occurs when a pregnant woman has more than four drinks per day. Milder symptoms have been found with two drinks per day during the early part of pregnancy. [53] [54] Evidence of harm from less than two drinks per day or 10 drinks per week is not clear. [53] [55]
It requires two hydroxylations to become active: the first in the liver by CYP2R1 to form 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (ercalcidiol or 25-OH D 2 [20]), and the second in the kidney by CYP27B1, to form the active 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol (ercalcitriol or 1,25-(OH) 2 D 2), which activates the vitamin D receptor. [21]