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[11] [12] Sundials existed in China since ancient times, but very little is known of their history. It is known that the ancient Chinese developed a form of sundials c. 800 BCE, and the sundials eventually evolved to very sophisticated water clocks by 1000 CE, and sometime in the Song dynasty (1000–1400 CE), a compass would sometimes also be ...
The gnomon is the triangular blade in this sundial. A gnomon (/ ˈ n oʊ ˌ m ɒ n,-m ə n /; from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn) 'one that knows or examines') [1] [2] is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow. The term is used for a variety of purposes in mathematics and other fields, typically to measure directions, position, or time.
An Ancient Egyptian sundial (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden) Vrihat Samrat Yantra, 88 feet (27 m) tall sundial at the Jantar Mantar in Jaipur Built in 1727. The first devices used for measuring the position of the Sun were shadow clocks, which later developed into the sundial.
In some cases, the sundials are formed as hollows in a solid object, e.g., a cylindrical hollow aligned with the Earth's rotational axis (in which the edges play the role of styles) or a spherical hollow in the ancient tradition of the hemisphaerium or the antiboreum. (See the History section above.)
Ancient Chinese scientists and engineers made significant scientific innovations, findings and technological advances across various scientific disciplines including the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, military technology, mathematics, geology and astronomy. Among the earliest inventions were the abacus, the sundial, and the Kongming ...
Metallurgy in China has a long history, with the earliest metal objects in China dating back to around 3,000 BCE. The majority of early metal items found in China come from the North-Western Region (mainly Gansu and Qinghai, 青海). China was the earliest civilization to use the blast furnace and produce cast iron. [1]
The Chinese of the ancient Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE) figured out how to create steel by smelting together the carbon intermediary of wrought iron and cast iron by the 1st century BCE. [ 91 ] [ 92 ] [ 93 ] However, there were two new Chinese innovations of the Song dynasty to create steel during the 11th century.
Su Song was of Hokkien ancestry [13] who was born in modern-day Fujian, near medieval Quanzhou. [14] Like his contemporary, Shen Kuo (1031–1095), Su Song was a polymath, a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different fields of study.
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