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The Malayan Emergency, also known as the Anti–British National Liberation War, (1948–1960) was a guerrilla war fought in Malaya between communist pro-independence fighters of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) and the military forces of the Federation of Malaya and Commonwealth (British Empire).
Malaysia (16 September 1963 – present) Second Malayan Emergency (1968–1989) Malaysia Singapore Thailand: Malayan Communist Party Malayan National Liberation Army. Communist Party of Thailand. Victory. Peace Accord of Hat Yai, dissolution of MCP. [1] [13] Operation Gothic Serpent (1993) United States Malaysia Pakistan Italy South Korea
A crinoline / ˈ k r ɪ n. əl. ɪ n / is a stiff or structured petticoat designed to hold out a skirt, popular at various times since the mid-19th century. Originally, crinoline described a stiff fabric made of horsehair ("crin") and cotton or linen which was used to make underskirts and as a dress lining. The term crin or crinoline continues ...
The Malaya Command was a formation of the British Army formed in the 1920s for the coordination of the defences of British Malaya, which comprised the Straits Settlements, the Federated Malay States and the Unfederated Malay States. [1]
The Fourteen Days' War (Malay: Perang 14 Hari), also known as the Parang Panjang War (Malay: Perang Parang Panjang), refers to the violent persecution by the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) of Malays and Indians who had supported the Japanese occupation of Malaya and Chinese supporters of the Kuomintang in August 1945.
Prior to World War II, the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) was banned. During the war, Britain trained and armed the Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), a guerrilla force to fight against the Japanese occupation of Malaya. The CPM participated in the MPAJA, and was granted legal recognition by the British after the war as a reward.
One of the terms of the agreement was that MCP members of Malayan origin be allowed to return to live in Malaysia. When all hostilities ceased, the total number of CPM members was 1,188; 694 were Thai-born and 494 claimed origins in Peninsular Malaysia. They were given a temporary grant and promised integration into Malaysia. [66]
British authority in Malaya's rural areas had been only tenuously re-established after the surrender of the Empire of Japan at the end of the Second World War.The British regarded a group of about 500,000 "squatters", largely of Chinese descent, who practised small-scale agriculture, generally lacked legal title to their land, and were largely outside the reach of the colonial administration ...