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In the NO − 3 anion, the oxidation state of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful oxidizer as evidenced by its explosive behaviour at high temperature when it is detonated in ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), or black powder, ignited by the shock wave of a primary explosive.
Nitrogen trioxide or nitrate radical is an oxide of nitrogen with formula NO 3, consisting of three oxygen atoms covalently bound to a nitrogen atom. This highly unstable blue compound has not been isolated in pure form, but can be generated and observed as a short-lived component of gas, liquid, or solid systems.
NO 3 − + 2 H + + 2 e − → NO 2 − + H 2 O (Nitrate reductase) NO 2 − + 2 H + + e − → NO + H 2 O (Nitrite reductase) 2 NO + 2 H + + 2 e − → N 2 O + H 2 O (Nitric-oxide reductase) N 2 O + 2 H + + 2 e − → N 2 + H 2 O (Nitrous-oxide reductase) The complete process can be expressed as a net balanced redox reaction, where nitrate ...
2 HNO 3 + Na 2 CO 3 → 2 NaNO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 HNO 3 + NaHCO 3 → NaNO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2. or also by neutralizing it with sodium hydroxide (however, this reaction is very exothermic): HNO 3 + NaOH → NaNO 3 + H 2 O. or by mixing stoichiometric amounts of ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate: NH 4 NO 3 ...
Due to relatively weak N–O bonding, all nitrogen oxides are unstable with respect to N 2 and O 2, which is the principle behind the catalytic converter, and prevents the oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere from combusting.
H 2 N 2 O 2 + 2 H + + 2 e − ⇌ N 2 + 2 H 2 O; E 0 = +2.65 V. Oxidation reactions usually result in the formation of the nitrate ion, with nitrogen in oxidation state +5. For example, oxidation with permanganate ion can be used for quantitative analysis of nitrite (by titration): 5 NO − 2 + 2 MnO − 4 + 6 H + → 5 NO − 3 + 2 Mn 2+ + 3 H 2 O
Nitrogen assimilation is the formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment. Organisms like plants, fungi and certain bacteria that can fix nitrogen gas (N 2) depend on the ability to assimilate nitrate or ammonia for their needs.
The nitrate reductase of higher plants, algae, and fungi is a homodimeric cytosolic protein with five conserved domains in each monomer: 1) an Mo-MPT domain that contains the single molybdopterin cofactor, 2) a dimer interface domain, 3) a cytochrome b domain, and 4) an NADH-binding domain that combines with 5) an FAD-binding domain to form the ...