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Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation of the 20th century, until there was a shift to computer animation in the industry, such as digital ink and paint and 3D computer animation .
A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century. Since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable, celluloid was largely replaced by cellulose acetate.
Pencil2D is a free and open-source 2D animation software for Windows, macOS, and Unix-like operating systems. It is released under the GNU General Public License and uses the Qt framework. It is used for making cartoons using traditional techniques (tracing drawings, onion skinning, etc), managing vector and bitmap drawings.
An Antics "Scene" can be made up of any number of "Drawings", consisting of any number of individual "Cels". Any mix of vector-based drawings and raster-based images can freely combined in any Cel or Drawing—including photo, scanned, and complete video sequences or other sequences. A wide range of tools is included for creating drawings, and ...
The Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) was a proprietary collection of software, scanning camera systems, servers, networked computer workstations, and custom desks developed by The Walt Disney Company and Pixar in the late 1980s.
Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) is the process that was used for most animated films of the 20th century. [59] The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, first drawn on paper. [ 60 ]
In traditional animation, the individual frames of a film were initially drawn on thin onionskin paper over a light source. The animators (mostly inbetweeners ) would put the previous and next drawings exactly beneath the working drawing, so that they could draw the 'in between' to give a smooth motion.
Even animation that looked traditional was often created fully with computers, helped by for instance cel-shading techniques to replicate the desired look of traditional animation (true real-time cel-shading was first introduced in 2000 by Sega's Jet Set Radio for their Dreamcast console). By 2004, only small productions were still created with ...
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