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A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or TNS) is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes.TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely, to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable ...
Many companies manufacture microcurrent devices for both professional and personal use, [10] [citation needed] [11] [12] and microcurrent stimulation is used as a "complementary" veterinary modality. [ 13 ]
For sinusoidal electrical stimulation less than 10 volts, the skin voltage-current characteristic is quasilinear. Over time, electrical characteristics can become non-linear. The time required varies from seconds to minutes, depending on stimulus, electrode placement, and individual characteristics.
External trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is similar to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a treatment for chronic pain. [5] A small device supplies electricity to electrodes that are placed on the skin. The device is able to modulate the intensity and frequency of electrical impulses delivered to the nerve endings in the skin.
Electroanalgesia is a form of analgesia, or pain relief, that uses electricity to ease pain and belongs to a type of neurotherapy.Electrical devices can be internal or external, at the site of pain (local) or delocalized throughout the whole body.
This is distinct from transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), in which an electric current is used for pain therapy. "The main difference is the desired outcome. TENS unit is a medical device for pain relief. The desired outcome is to reduce pain by stimulating different nerve signals.
Galvanic treatment in the beauty industry has been described since at least the 1970s [15] and earlier. [13] Sometimes called galvanism, the treatment aims to improve the skin in two ways: (1) cleansing: a process called desincrustation, and (2) nourishing the skin condition, through an electro-chemical process [16] called iontophoresis [17] (also called ionisation). [18]
Research conducted as of 2012 on the use of tDCS to treat pain, found that the research has been of low quality and cannot be used as a basis to recommend use of tDCS to treat pain. [6] In chronic pain following spinal cord injury, research is of high quality and has found tDCS to be ineffective. [60] tDCS has also been studied in addiction.