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[23] [24] Date Jan. 1, 2009 – June 9, 2013 Duration 4 years, 5 months, 9 days Distance 40,000 kilometres (25,000 mi) Name Tony Mangan: Third runner to successfully run around the world. Having run 50,000 km, he holds the record for the longest world run according to the World Runners Association guidelines.
A study of 25 crowdsourced ideas aimed at reducing political polarisation in the United States is published in the journal Science. [451] Scientists build the world's smallest quantum computer using a single photon. [452] [453] 19 October – Researchers develop a plant-based food supplement to protect bees' brains from neurotoxins. [454] 23 ...
The 'Taq PCR' paper [24] became for several years the most cited publication in biology. After the publication of the first PCR paper, [16] the United States Government sent a stern letter to Randy Saiki, admonishing him for publishing a report on "chain reactions" without the required prior review and approval by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Kary Banks Mullis (December 28, 1944 – August 7, 2019) was an American biochemist.In recognition of his role in the invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Michael Smith [2] and was awarded the Japan Prize in the same year.
A strip of eight PCR tubes, each containing a 100 μL reaction mixture Placing a strip of eight PCR tubes into a thermal cycler. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.
The Patent Cooperation Treaty was signed on the last day of the conference on 19 June 1970. The Treaty entered into force on 24 January 1978, initially with 18 contracting states. [8] The first international applications were filed on 1 June 1978. [8] The Treaty was subsequently amended in 1979, and modified in 1984 and 2001. [9]
The rise in photosynthesis rates around the world caused by the increase of carbon dioxide is found to have slowed dramatically in the 21st century, as the atmosphere has grown drier. [371] [372] A global consortium releases two studies and a database on DNA methylation profiles across 348 mammalian species for use in epigenetic clocks.
Robert Garside (born 6 January 1967), calling himself The Runningman, is a British runner who is credited by Guinness World Records as the first person to run around the world. Garside began his record-setting run following two aborted attempts from Cape Town , South Africa and London , England .