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Vitreomacular traction syndrome (VTS) is a medical condition in the eye that is the result of tractional forces (pulling) being placed on the retina. [1] [2] VTS is common in people who have an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, a type of retinal detachment at the periphery of the retina. [1]
A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a condition of the eye in which the vitreous membrane separates from the retina. [1] It refers to the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane from the retina anywhere posterior to the vitreous base (a 3–4 mm wide attachment to the ora serrata).
If these liquid pockets are close enough to the interface between the vitreous gel and the retina, they can cause complete separation of the vitreous from the retina in a normally occurring process in older humans called posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). PVD in of itself is not dangerous and a natural process. [citation needed]
Long term vitreous traction (stretching) of the retina is thought to be what is associated with the increased risk of tears to the retina or retinal detachment. [1] Under a microscope looking at the histology of a cystic retinal tuft, an increase in glial cells , breaking down of the outer retina, and a loss in photoreceptor cells is often ...
During rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, fluid from the vitreous humor enters a retinal hole. The mechanisms by which retinal holes or tears form are not fully understood yet. The accumulation of fluid in the subretinal space and the tractional force of the vitreous on the retina result in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Macular hole on the right eye Classification of Vitreomacular Adhesion, Traction, and Macular Hole (IVTS 2013). Macular degeneration is a condition affecting the tissues lying under the retina, while a macular hole involves damage from within the eye, at the junction between the vitreous and the retina itself.
The vitreous, sub-hyaloid, subretinal space, intraretinal regions, or beneath the internal limiting membrane are some of the locations where the hemorrhages may occur in the eye. According to Sohan Hayreh , the rupture of capillaries in the optic nerve, which is most likely brought on by elevated retinal venous pressure from central retinal ...