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A photo of the IPPC seal on a wine shipping crate. International Standards For Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM 15) is an International Phytosanitary Measure developed by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) that directly addresses the need to treat wood materials of a thickness greater than 6mm, used to ship products between countries.
Wood drying (also seasoning lumber or wood seasoning) reduces the moisture content of wood before its use. When the drying is done in a kiln , the product is known as kiln-dried timber or lumber , whereas air drying is the more traditional method.
Apart from structural wood preservation measures, there are a number of different chemical preservatives and processes (also known as timber treatment, lumber treatment or pressure treatment) that can extend the life of wood, timber, and their associated products, including engineered wood. These generally increase the durability and resistance ...
Plywood is a composite material manufactured from thin layers, or "plies", of wood veneer that have been stacked and glued together. It is an engineered wood from the family of manufactured boards, which include plywood, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB), and particle board (or chipboard).
Thermally modified wood is engineered wood that has been modified by a controlled pyrolysis process of wood being heated to (> 180 °C) in an oxygen free atmosphere. This process changes to the chemical structures of wood's cell wall components lignin , cellulose and hemicellulose which decreases its hygroscopy and thus increases dimensional ...
CLS timber is kiln-dried and is white wood. [9] Tree sources include Fir, Pine and Spruce. [10] [6] CLS is planed and fished with eased or rounded edges. [9] [11] CLS timber is commonly graded at two strengths, C16 or C24. [9] C24 is the stronger and is typically more expensive. [10]
The wood is normally kiln dried to 12% moisture in 6 m (19 ft 8 in) long, clear lengths. It is available treated with a range of chemical salts, or untreated. Chemical salt treatment is well proven and such timber is frequently used in the ground as posts and poles as part of structures such as retaining walls and pole houses.
However, in the 1980s, the development of chemical treatment processes allowed the wood to be more widely used for furniture making and frames. Rubberwood is generally treated soon after sawing by pressurized immersion in boron preservative solution to diffuse the chemicals. Then, the treated timber is kiln-dried to reduce its moisture content ...
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