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Most commonly, VAV boxes are pressure independent, meaning the VAV box uses controls to deliver a constant flow rate regardless of variations in system pressures experienced at the VAV inlet. [2] This is accomplished by an airflow sensor that is placed at the VAV inlet which opens or closes the damper within the VAV box to adjust the airflow. [2]
Such a control sequence is supported by a pollutant sensor (e.g. carbon dioxide sensor), a variable frequency drive (VFD) on the fan supplying the zone, individual VAV boxes with reheat serving each space in the zone, and airflow measuring stations. [4] Research has been conducted on the application of DCV in constant-air-volume (CAV) systems.
Economists commonly use the term recession to mean either a period of two successive calendar quarters each having negative growth [clarification needed] of real gross domestic product [1] [2] [3] —that is, of the total amount of goods and services produced within a country—or that provided by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER): "...a significant decline in economic activity ...
A damper is a valve or plate that stops or regulates the flow of air inside a duct, chimney, VAV box, air handler, or other air-handling equipment. A damper may be used to cut off central air conditioning (heating or cooling) to an unused room, or to regulate it for room-by-room temperature and climate control - for example, in the case of ...
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
Building automation (BAS), also known as building management system (BMS) or building energy management system (BEMS), is the automatic centralized control of a building's HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), electrical, lighting, shading, access control, security systems, and other interrelated systems.
Real-world economics is a school of economics that uses an inductive method to understand economic processes. It approaches economics without making a priori assumptions about how ideal markets work, in contrast to what Nobel Prize-winning economist, Ronald Coase , referred to as "blackboard economics" and its deductive method .
In contrast, the U.S. nominal capital stock is the total value, in dollars, of equipment, buildings, and other real productive assets in the U.S. economy, and has units of dollars. The diagram provides an intuitive illustration of how the stock of capital currently available is increased by the flow of new investment and depleted by the flow of ...