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Combinations and permutations in the mathematical sense are described in several articles. Described together, in-depth: Twelvefold way; Explained separately in a more accessible way: Combination; Permutation; For meanings outside of mathematics, please see both words’ disambiguation pages: Combination (disambiguation) Permutation ...
The number of such strings is the number of ways to place 10 stars in 13 positions, () = =, which is the number of 10-multisubsets of a set with 4 elements. Bijection between 3-subsets of a 7-set (left) and 3-multisets with elements from a 5-set (right).
(this associates distinct numbers to all finite sets of natural numbers); then comparison of k-combinations can be done by comparing the associated binary numbers. In the example C and C′ correspond to numbers 1001011001 2 = 601 10 and 1010001011 2 = 651 10, which again shows that C comes before C′.
Note that the ancient Sanskrit sages discovered many years before Fibonacci that the number of compositions of any natural number n as the sum of 1's and 2's is the nth Fibonacci number! Note that these are not general compositions as defined above because the numbers are restricted to 1's and 2's only. 1=1 (1) 2=1+1=2 (2) 3=1+1+1=1+2=2+1 (3)
In combinatorics, the twelvefold way is a systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets, which include the classical problems of counting permutations, combinations, multisets, and partitions either of a set or of a number.
[11] [12] In the Middle Ages, combinatorics continued to be studied, largely outside of the European civilization. The Indian mathematician Mahāvīra (c. 850) provided formulae for the number of permutations and combinations, [13] [14] and these formulas may have been familiar to Indian mathematicians as early as the 6th century CE. [15]
No. 32 appeared most often — 173 times — among the first five balls drawn in winning combinations, followed by the No. 39 in 163 combinations, according to data.
A list of articles about numbers (not about numerals). Topics include powers of ten, notable integers, prime and cardinal numbers, and the myriad system.