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Haiku originated as an opening part of a larger Japanese genre of poetry called renga. These haiku written as an opening stanza were known as hokku and over time they began to be written as stand-alone poems. Haiku was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century. [4]
Matsuo Bashō, the great master of haiku, frequently painted as well. Haiga became a major style of painting as a result of association with his famous works of haiku. [citation needed] Like his poems, Bashō's paintings are founded in a simplicity which reveals great depth, complementing the poems they are paired with.
At that time, his haiku mostly adhered to the traditional syllabic format, though some were hypersyllabic, for example: In a café we debate decadence a summer butterfly flits [5] Kafe ni dekadan o ronzu natsu no chō toberi. In 1913, Santōka was accepted as a disciple by the leading haiku reformist Ogiwara Seisensui. [8]
He made his life’s work the transformation of haikai into a literary genre. For Bashō, haikai involved a combination of comic playfulness and spiritual depth, ascetic practice and involvement in human society. [7] He composed haikai masterpieces in a variety of genres, including renku, haibun, and haiga. [8]
Paul Reps (September 15, 1895 – July 12, 1990) was an American artist, poet, and author. He is best known for his unorthodox haiku-inspired poetry that was published from 1939 onwards.
This is a list of kigo, which are words or phrases that are associated with a particular season in Japanese poetry.They provide an economy of expression that is especially valuable in the very short haiku, as well as the longer linked-verse forms renku and renga, to indicate the season referenced in the poem or stanza.
A monument containing a haiku by Shiki, in front of Matsuyama Station. Shiki may be credited with salvaging traditional short-form Japanese poetry and carving out a niche for it in the modern Meiji period. [38] While he advocated reform of haiku, this reform was based on the idea that haiku was a legitimate literary genre. [39]
Ihara Saikaku (井原 西鶴, 1642 – September 9, 1693) was a Japanese poet and creator of the "floating world" genre of Japanese prose (ukiyo-zōshi).. His born name may have been Hirayama Tōgo (平山藤五), the son of a wealthy merchant in Osaka, and he first studied haikai poetry under a follower of Matsunaga Teitoku and later studied under Nishiyama Sōin of the Danrin school of ...