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Federalism in Spain began in the 1830s, although it has its roots in the 1790s. The first and only attempt to establish a federal state in Spain occurred during the First Spanish Republic (1873-1874). After this failure, federalism was a minority political current.
The government of Spain (Spanish: Gobierno de España) is the central government which leads the executive branch and the General State Administration of the Kingdom of Spain. The Government consists of the Prime Minister and the Ministers ; the prime minister has the overall direction of the Ministers and can appoint or terminate their ...
Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, ... Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid ...
Foreign scholars usually define Spain as a federal system with certain peculiarities. [ 25 ] The State, that is, the central government, has progressively and asymmetrically devolved or transferred power and competences to the autonomous communities.
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Scholars have described the model as a third way between federalism and unitarianism, [20] as a federal system in all but name, [21] or "federation without federalism", [22] as a system providing significant degree of decentralisation, though still under strict surveillance by the central government. [23]
Nonetheless, Spain is now a decentralized country with a structure unlike any other, similar but not equal to a federation, [26] even though in many respects the country can be compared to countries which are undeniably federal. [44] The unique resulting system is referred to as "Autonomous state", or more precisely "State of Autonomies". [19]
Since its transition to democracy in the late 1970s, Spain has been organized in a quasi-federal system called the "State of Autonomies". Each Autonomous Community is required by the Constitution to have its own three-branched system of government with its basic rules codified in a special law called a Statute of Autonomy, a sort-of regional constitution.