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Original 4–13 W miniature fluorescent range from 1950s or earlier. [1] Two newer ranges, high-efficiency (HE) 14–35 W, and high-output (HO) 24–80 W, introduced in the 1990s. [2] Panasonic's range of FHL fluorescent tubes in 18W, 27W, and 36W varieties for the Japanese market. Circular fluorescent tubes.
The design was initiated by the U.S. EPA and the Lighting Research Center in 2004, in order to facilitate the deployment of compact fluorescent light bulbs with replaceable ballasts. [ 1 ] The GU24 fitting is compliant with a 2008 ruling by the California Energy Commission under Title 24 ( California Building Standards Code ) to require high ...
A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, to produce ultraviolet and make a phosphor coating in the lamp glow.
Incandescent, halogen and HMI light sources use this design. Medium bi-post (G22) is used with film & stage lighting fixtures between 250 and 1000 watts. Mini bi-post (G4-G6) Common types: G4 – 4 mm (0.15748 in) pin spacing GU4 & GZ4 – same as G4 and only denote what lamp mount clip is needed to hold the actual light bulb in place
Circular and U-shaped lamps were devised to reduce the length of fluorescent light fixtures. The first fluorescent light bulb and fixture were displayed to the general public at the 1939 New York World's Fair. The spiral CFL was invented in 1976 by Edward E. Hammer, an engineer with General Electric, [7] in response to the 1973 oil crisis. [8]
To produce light, incandescent light bulbs convert electricity to heat, heating a filament to the point where it glows; a portion of the heat is thus converted to light. The conversion of heat to light requires a filament to be heated to high temperature, typically > 3000 K. [3] Incandescent lamps have a low luminous efficacy, 10-22 lumens per ...
The typical luminous efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems is 50–100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of incandescent bulbs with comparable light output. Fluorescent lamp fixtures are more costly than incandescent lamps, because they require a ballast to regulate the current through the lamp, but the lower energy cost typically ...
The lumen (symbol: lm) is the unit of luminous flux, a measure of the perceived power of visible light emitted by a source, in the International System of Units (SI). ). Luminous flux differs from power (radiant flux) in that radiant flux includes all electromagnetic waves emitted, while luminous flux is weighted according to a model (a "luminosity function") of the human eye's sensitivity to ...