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The ability to change direction while in motion is very important in many sports but especially in team and dual sports. For example, an American football running back must be able to quickly change direction when he sees an opponent preparing to tackle him.
Plyometrics include explosive exercises to activate the quick response and elastic properties of the major muscles. It was initially adopted by Soviet Olympians in the 1950s, and then by sportspeople worldwide. [5] Sports using plyometrics include basketball, tennis, badminton, squash and volleyball as well as the various codes of football. [6]
Power training frequently specifically utilises two physiological processes which increase in conjunction with one another during exercise. These are deep breathing, which results in increased intra-abdominal pressure; and post-activation potentation, which is the enhanced activation of the nervous system and increased muscle fibre recruitment.
Footspeed, or sprint speed, is the maximum speed at which a human can run. It is affected by many factors, varies greatly throughout the population, and is important in athletics and many sports, such as association football , Australian rules football , American football , track and field , field hockey , tennis , baseball , and basketball .
This movement has also been described as negative training. This "negative" movement is necessary to reverse the muscle from its initial trajectory. [1]When the load exceeds the force that can be developed by the muscle at a constant length, as in an eccentric muscle action, the exercise is referred to as involving negative work, because the muscle is absorbing energy.
Weight-bearing exercise also helps to prevent osteoporosis and to improve bone strength in those with osteoporosis. [70] For many people in rehabilitation or with an acquired disability , such as following stroke or orthopaedic surgery, strength training for weak muscles is a key factor to optimise recovery. [ 71 ]
Open chain exercises (OKE) are exercises that are performed where the hand or foot is free to move. The opposite of OKE are closed kinetic chain exercises (CKE). Both are effective for strengthening and rehabilitation objectives. [ 1 ]
Players use different strategies while playing tennis to enhance their own strengths and exploit their opponent's weaknesses in order to gain the advantage and win more points. Players typically specialize or naturally play in a certain way, based on what they can do best.
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