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Epithelial polarity is one example of the cell polarity that is a fundamental feature of many types of cells. Epithelial cells feature distinct 'apical', 'lateral' and 'basal' plasma membrane domains. Epithelial cells connect to one another via their lateral membranes to form epithelial sheets that line cavities and surfaces throughout the ...
Epithelial cells also exhibit planar cell polarity, in which specialized structures are orientated within the plane of the epithelial sheet. Some examples of planar cell polarity include the scales of fish being oriented in the same direction and similarly the feathers of birds, the fur of mammals, and the cuticular projections (sensory hairs ...
Tight junctions also help maintain the apicobasal polarity of cells by preventing the lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins between the apical and lateral/basal surfaces, allowing the specialized functions of each surface (for example receptor-mediated endocytosis at the apical surface and exocytosis at the basolateral surface) to be ...
Epithelial and mesenchymal cells differ in phenotype as well as function, though both share inherent plasticity. [2] Epithelial cells are closely connected to each other by tight junctions , gap junctions and adherens junctions , have an apico-basal polarity , polarization of the actin cytoskeleton and are bound by a basal lamina at their basal ...
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is the protein-mediated signaling that coordinates the orientation of cells in a layer of epithelial tissue. In vertebrates, examples of mature PCP oriented tissue are the stereo-cilia bundles in the inner ear, [ 1 ] motile cilia of the epithelium, [ 2 ] and cell motility in epidermal wound healing. [ 3 ]
The Scribble complex plays a role in determining cell polarity and cell proliferation in epithelial cells. [9] The precise mechanism by which these proteins function together is currently unknown, but they have been implicated in several signaling pathways, vesicle trafficking, and in the myosin II-actin cytoskeleton. [7]
Prevent the free diffusion of water and solutes among adjacent epithelial cells. [2] [13] Preserve the epithelial polarity and cell adhesion. [2] Have a function in the morphogenesis like tracheal morphology that regulate the cell size and the cell length. [14] Regulate cell proliferation. [14]
The anti-parallel orientation of tetramers means that, unlike microtubules and microfilaments, which have a plus end and a minus end, IFs lack polarity and cannot serve as basis for cell motility and intracellular transport. Also, unlike actin or tubulin, intermediate filaments do not contain a binding site for a nucleoside triphosphate.