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Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a condition affecting the vocal cords. [1] It is characterized by abnormal closure of the vocal folds, which can result in significant difficulties and distress during breathing, particularly during inhalation. [1] Due to the similarity in symptoms, VCD attacks are often mistaken for asthma attacks or laryngospasms.
Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle. The RLN is important for speaking, breathing and swallowing.
Other common symptoms include difficulty producing vocal pitches in the higher range, [1] [4] [5] increased phonatory effort, [1] and vocal fatigue. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] There may be a sensation of soreness or pain in the neck, lateral to the larynx , [ 1 ] [ 4 ] which generally occurs because of the increased effort needed to produce the voice.
The primary symptoms of contact granuloma include chronic or acute hoarseness of the voice and vocal fatigue. [6] [7] More severe granulomas may result in throat ache or soreness, as well as pain that spreads to one or both ears. [1] [7] Smaller granulomas may result in a tickling sensation or slight discomfort.
People who speak or sing outside their normal vocal range can develop BBS; symptoms are chiefly an unusually deep or rough voice, or dysphonia, and vocal fatigue. [3] The people most commonly affected are those who speak in a low-pitched voice, particularly if they have poor breath and vocal control. [4] The syndrome can affect both men and ...
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]
Voice disorders can be divided into two broad categories: organic and functional. [9] The distinction between these broad classes stems from their cause, whereby organic dysphonia results from some sort of physiological change in one of the subsystems of speech (for voice, usually respiration, laryngeal anatomy, and/or other parts of the vocal tract are affected).
Vocal fold paralysis is the inability to move one or both of the vocal cords, which results in difficulties with voice and perhaps swallowing. Paradoxical vocal fold movement occurs when the vocal cords close when they should actually be open. Spasmodic dysphonia is caused by strained vocal cord movement, which results in awkward voice problems ...