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Covering sickness, or dourine (French, from the Arabic darina, meaning mangy (said of a female camel), feminine of darin, meaning dirty), [1] is a disease of horses and other members of the family Equidae. The disease is caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, which belongs to an important genus of parasitic protozoa. [2]
The name equine encephalosis is misleading as the disease is not primarily a neurological disorder. Although the majority of infections result only in mild clinical signs, in more severe cases clinical signs include a short period (typically two to five days) of fluctuating fever, accompanied by varying degrees of inappetence. [4]
Signs and symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, red, itchy, and watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes. [1] The fluid from the nose is usually clear. [2] Symptom onset is often within minutes following allergen exposure, and can affect sleep and the ability to work or study.
The disease is named after the French dermatologist Liliane Schnitzler who first described this syndrome in 1972. [12] [10] A Delphi study on the taxonomy and definition of auto-inflammatory diseases, published in 2018, considered the alternative name "late onset gammopathy with recurrent urticaria and fever" but this received little support. [13]
Equine encephalosis virus; Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis; Equine gastric ulcer syndrome; Equid alphaherpesvirus 1; Equid alphaherpesvirus 3; Equine infectious anemia; Equine influenza; Equine melanoma; Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis; Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy; Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; Equine proximal enteritis ...
Horses are usually affected on the back, head, and neck where insects commonly bite, and the legs, which are commonly infected if the horse is kept in moist footing. [3] Initially, the horse will display a matted coat and bumps which will progress to crusty scabs and lesions. [4] The animal may also be pruritic and display signs of discomfort.
Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) – also known as moon blindness, recurrent iridocyclitis, or periodic ophthalmia [1] – is an acute, nongranulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye, occurring commonly in horses of all breeds, worldwide. The causative factor is not known, but several pathogeneses have been suggested.
Replication cycle of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) This subacute form of the disease has an incubation period longer than that of the pulmonary form. Signs of disease start at day 7–12 after infection. High fever is a common symptom. The disease also manifests as conjunctivitis, with abdominal pain and progressive dyspnea.