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The Domus Aurea (Latin, "Golden House") was a vast landscaped complex built by the Emperor Nero largely on the Oppian Hill in the heart of ancient Rome after the great fire in 64 AD had destroyed a large part of the city. [1] It replaced and extended his Domus Transitoria that he had built as his first palace complex on the site. [2] [3]
The only known possible depiction of the Domus Aurea is the Megalopsychia Hunt Mosaic, or "Yakto mosaic", from the second half of the fifth century, [4] found in the ancient suburb of Antioch, Daphne (Yakto). Part of the border of this hunt scene shows buildings from Antioch, including those interpreted to be the Imperial Palace and the Domus ...
Later, from 104 to 109 AD, the even more elaborate Baths of Trajan were built by the architect Apollodorus atop the hill. These public baths were not only used as a place for bathing, but also as a location for social gatherings. The baths contained much of the Domus Aurea, and together they were the largest Roman structures built at the time. [5]
The Orange Garden (Giardino degli Aranci) is a small park on the Aventine Hill with excellent views of the city. The Oppian Hill Park, next to the Colosseum, is built on top of the Domus Aurea or Golden House of Nero and contains ruins of the Baths of Titus and Baths of Trajan.
Location of the Colossus (in red near the center) on a map of Rome. The Colossus of Nero (Colossus Neronis) was a 30-metre (98 ft) bronze statue that the Emperor Nero (37–68 AD) created in the vestibule of his Domus Aurea, the imperial villa complex which spanned a large area from the north side of the Palatine Hill, across the Velian ridge to the Esquiline Hill in Rome.
The octagonal "Domus Aurea", or "Golden Octagon", built by Emperor Constantine in 327 at the imperial palace of Antioch likewise had a domical roof, presumably of wood and covered with gilded lead. [92] [93] It was dedicated two years after the Council of Nicea to "Harmony, the divine power that unites Universe, Church, and Empire".
The Great Fire of Rome in AD 64 destroyed Nero's palace, the Domus Transitoria, but he replaced it by AD 69 with the even larger Domus Aurea, over which was eventually built Domitian's Palace. [ 14 ] From the 16th century, the hill was owned by the Farnese family and was occupied by the Farnese Gardens , still partially preserved above the ...
The exedra achieved particular popularity in ancient Roman architecture during the Roman Empire.In the 1st century AD, Nero's architects incorporated exedrae throughout the planning of his Domus Aurea, enriching the volumes of the party rooms, a part of what made Nero's palace so breathtakingly pretentious to traditional Romans, for no one had ever seen domes and exedrae in a dwelling before.