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The Turkish alphabet (Turkish: Türk alfabesi) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which (Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language.
The Old Turkic script (also known as variously Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script, Turkic runes) was the alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates from the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.
The Turkish alphabet reform (Turkish: Harf Devrimi or Harf İnkılâbı) is the general term used to refer to the process of adopting and applying a new alphabet in Turkey, which occurred with the enactment of Law No. 1353 on "Acceptance and Application of Turkish Letters" on 1 November 1928.
There exist several alphabets used by Turkic languages, i.e. alphabets used to write Turkic languages: The New Turkic Alphabet (Yañalif) in use in the 1930s USSR (Latin) The Common Turkic Alphabet , proposed by Turkic Council to unify scripts in Turkic languages (Latin)
Common Turkic alphabet with 34 letters, as devised at the Turkic World Common Alphabet Commission in September 2024 [4] The Tatar Latin script, introduced in September 1999 and canceled in January 2005, used a slightly different set of additional letters (ŋ instead of ñ, ə instead of ä), and the letter ɵ instead of Turkish ö.
The Old Turkic script (also known variously as Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script) is the alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates during the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.
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Ottoman Turkish script was replaced by the Latin-based new Turkish alphabet.Its use became compulsory in all public communications in 1929. [6] [7] The change was formalized by the Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, [8] passed on November 1, 1928, and effective on January 1, 1929.