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Germany was the leader of the Central Powers, which included Austria-Hungary at the start of the war as well as the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; arrayed against them were the Allies, consisting chiefly of Russia, France, and Britain at the beginning of the war, Italy, which joined the Allies in 1915, and the United States, which joined the ...
Army, Industry, and Labor in Germany, 1914–1918 (1966) Ferguson, Niall The Pity of War (1999), cultural and economic themes, worldwide; Hardach, Gerd. The First World War 1914-1918 (1977), economics; Herwig, Holger H. The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918 (1996), one third on the homefront; Howard, N.P.
The United Kingdom declares war on Germany, automatically including all dominions, colonies, etc. of the British Empire including Canada, Australia, and British India. [20] Politics: The United States declares neutrality. August 5 – 16 Western: Battle of Liège. The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège, Belgium. August 5
The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany was signed by East and West Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union. The latter four renounced all rights they held in Germany. 3 October: German reunification: Five East German states acceded to West Germany. Berlin became the capital of Germany ...
Luxembourg – Never declared war on the Central Powers despite being invaded and occupied by Germany. Mongolia-Mexico- Declined an alliance with Germany (see Zimmermann Telegram). An ally to the United States by treaty (see ABC countries). Netherlands – An ally of the United Kingdom by treaty. Traded with both sides.
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
Alsace-Lorraine, which became a part of the German Empire following the Treaty of Frankfurt on 10 May 1871, returned to French sovereignty without a plebiscite as a precondition to armistice (i.e. and therefore not as a clause of the Treaty of Versailles) with effect from the date of the armistice (11 November 1918), (14,522 km 2 or 5,607 sq mi ...
The United States was a major supplier of war materials to the Allies but remained neutral in 1914, in large part due to domestic opposition. [7] The most significant factor in creating the support Wilson needed was the German submarine offensive, which not only cost American lives, but paralysed trade as ships were reluctant to put to sea. [ 8 ]