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In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.
The acid, HA, is a proton donor which can lose a proton to become its conjugate base, A −. The base, B, is a proton acceptor which can become its conjugate acid, HB +. Most acid–base reactions are fast, so the substances in the reaction are usually in dynamic equilibrium with each other. [8]
In physical chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates.The equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889, based on the work of Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff who had noted in 1884 that the van 't Hoff equation for the temperature dependence of equilibrium constants suggests such a formula for the rates of both forward and ...
Acid-base reactions can have different definitions depending on the acid-base concept employed. Some of the most common are: Arrhenius definition: Acids dissociate in water releasing H 3 O + ions; bases dissociate in water releasing OH − ions.
One use of conjugate acids and bases lies in buffering systems, which include a buffer solution. In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications.
In the generic acid–base reaction shown below, HA is the acid, while B (shown with a lone pair) is the base: HA + :B → [HB] + + :A – The hydrated form of the hydrogen cation, the hydronium (hydroxonium) ion H 3 O + (aq), is a key object of Arrhenius' definition of acid. Other hydrated forms, the Zundel cation H 5 O +
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In chemistry, there are three definitions in common use of the word "base": Arrhenius bases, Brønsted bases, and Lewis bases.All definitions agree that bases are substances that react with acids, as originally proposed by G.-F. Rouelle in the mid-18th century.