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The legal history of the Catholic Church is the history of Catholic canon law, the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the West. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] Canon law originates much later than Roman law but predates the evolution of modern European civil law traditions.
The sociology of law, legal sociology, or law and society is often described as a sub-discipline of sociology or an interdisciplinary approach within legal studies. [1] Some see sociology of law as belonging "necessarily" to the field of sociology, [2] but others tend to consider it a field of research caught up between the disciplines of law and sociology. [3]
Legal evolution is a branch of legal theory which proposes that law and legal systems change and develop according to regular, natural laws. [1] [2] It is closely related to social evolution and was developed in the 18th century, peaking in popularity in the 19th century before entering a prolonged hiatus. [3]
The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and also serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between jurisdictions, with their differences analysed in comparative law. In civil law jurisdictions, a legislature or other central body codifies and consolidates the law.
Law in Modern Society: Toward a Criticism of Social Theory is a 1976 book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger.In the book, Unger uses the rise and decline of the rule of law as a vehicle to explore certain problems in social theory.
Adam Smith stated in his Lectures on Jurisprudence that “the imperfection of the law and the uncertainty in its application” was a factor that retarded commerce. [1] Max Weber, a philosopher of the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, explained the importance of “rational” law in economy and society. [2]
In his first major work, Wirtschaft und Recht (1896), Stammler opposed the Marxist view that law was determined by economic forces. [2] He questioned the Marxist ideal of a society with collective ownership of the means of production that ignored the critical role of law in ensuring social justice. [11]
Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be.It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values; as well as the relationship between law and other fields of study, including economics, ethics, history, sociology, and political philosophy.