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The following list outlines the structure of the federal government of Canada, the collective set of federal institutions which can be grouped into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. In turn, these are further divided into departments, agencies, and other organizations which support the day-to-day function of the Canadian state.
The Government of Canada (French: Gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada.The term Government of Canada refers specifically to the executive, which includes ministers of the Crown (together in the Cabinet) and the federal civil service (whom the Cabinet direct); it is alternatively known as His Majesty's Government (French: Gouvernement de Sa ...
The federal government is partially limited by powers assigned to the provincial legislatures; for example, the Canadian constitution created broad provincial jurisdiction over direct taxation and property and civil rights. Many disputes between the two levels of government revolve around conflicting interpretations of the meaning of these powers.
Government Opposition Governing Party [2] [5] • Prime Minister [2] [6] —Ministry [2] [5] [7] Seat counts as of election [2] [8] [9] Official Opposition Party [10] • Leader of the Opposition [10] Third Parties with official party status; 1st Canadian Parliament Elected 1867 5 sessions Sep 24, 1867 – Jul 8, 1872 Conservative Party
The Crown is the formal head of state of the federal government and each of the ten provinces, but rarely has any political role. The governments are led by the representatives of the people: elected by all Canadians, at the federal level, and by the Canadian citizens of each provinces, at the provincial level.
The 16th Canadian Ministry, headed by William Lyon Mackenzie King, on the grounds of Rideau Hall, 19 June 1945. Each minister of the Crown is responsible for the general administration of at least one government portfolio and heads a corresponding ministry or ministries, known in Canada as departments or agencies.
The powers of the Parliament of Canada are limited by the constitution, which divides legislative abilities between the federal and provincial legislatures; in general, provincial legislatures may only pass laws relating to topics explicitly reserved for them by the constitution (such as education, provincial officers, municipal government ...
This category includes departments, agencies, and crown corporations created by the government or Parliament of Canada by statute or regulation. It does not include the Governor General of Canada , the Parliament of Canada , or the federal courts of Canada (see Court system of Canada ).