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The disciples, who had been scattered because of persecution in Jerusalem, were first called Christians in Antioch. [3] One of the leading members of this group was Barnabas, who was sent to organize the new church. The group later became the Patriarchate of Antioch, part of the pentarchy as one of the five great patriarchates.
The first Christians were all Jews, who constituted a Second Temple Jewish sect with an apocalyptic eschatology. Among other schools of thought, some Jews regarded Jesus as Lord and resurrected messiah, and the eternally existing Son of God, [7] [100] [note 8] expecting the second coming of Jesus and the start of God's Kingdom. They pressed ...
According to Church tradition, the Melkite Church of Antioch is the "oldest continuous Christian community in the world". [12] In Arabic, the official language of the church, [4] it is called ar-Rūm al-Kāṯūlīk (Arabic: الروم الكاثوليك, lit. '[Eastern] Roman Catholic').
Antioch was the place where Jesus' followers were first called "Christians" (as well as "Catholic") [41] and was the first church that St Peter had founded. [42] Alexandria, was also an important early center of Christian thought.
Antioch was a chief center of early Christianity during Roman times, [24] and converts there were the first people to be called Christians. [25] The city had a large population of Jewish origin in a quarter called the Kerateion, and so attracted the earliest missionaries. [26]
Followers of Jesus were first referred to as "Christians" (as well as "Catholic") [61] in Antioch and was, together with Alexandria, important in the thought of the early Church. It is important to note, however, that the three main apostolic sees of the early Church (i.e. the See of Antioch , the See of Alexandria , and the See of Rome ) were ...
Early Christians referred to themselves as brethren, disciples or saints, but it was in Antioch, according to Acts 11:26, that they were first called Christians (Greek: Christianoi). [41] According to the New Testament, Paul the apostle established Christian communities throughout the Mediterranean world. [38]
Saint Peter [note 1] (born Shimon Bar Yonah; died AD 64–68), [1] also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, [6] was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church.