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Up-fitted drive-by-wire systems, such as the Paravan Space Drive, have been available since as early as 2003 for existing production vehicles. [6]Several one-off vehicles and concept vehicles implemented steer-by-wire, such as the early-1990s Saab Prometheus, [7] 1996 Mercedes F200, [8] 2001 SKF Filo based on the Opel Zafira, [9] 2003 General Motors Hy-wire, [10] 2005 GM Sequel, [11] 2007 ...
The modern drive by wire paradigm dispenses with mechanical backups, and relies on redundancy, fail-operational systems, and other safety and security measures: computational redundancy through lockstep CPUs; functional redundancy through modular design where the failure of one module is compensated by an identical module, for example by torque ...
ISO 26262, titled "Road vehicles – Functional safety", is an international standard for functional safety of electrical and/or electronic systems that are installed in serial production road vehicles (excluding mopeds), defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 2011, and revised in 2018.
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The primary functional safety standards in current use are listed below: IEC EN 61508 Parts 1 to 7 is a core functional safety standard, applied widely to all types of safety critical E/E/PS and to systems with a safety function incorporating E/E/PS. UK Defence Standard 00-56 Issue 2; US RTCA DO-178C, North American Avionics Software
SpeedE, an academic concept car developed for studying drive-by-wire technologies such as brake-by-wire. Brake-by-wire technology in the automotive industry is the ability to control brakes through electronic means, without a mechanical connection that transfers force to the physical braking system from a driver input apparatus such as a pedal or lever.
IEC 61508 is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) consisting of methods on how to apply, design, deploy and maintain automatic protection systems called safety-related systems.
Accelerate-by-wire or throttle-by-wire, [3] more commonly known as electronic throttle control; Brake-by-wire; Shift-by-wire in automatic transmissions that are manumatic or in automated manual transmissions. This may include park by wire which actuates the parking pawl as part of the shifting system. Steer-by-wire; Fly-by-wire in aviation contexts