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Charge quantization is the principle that the charge of any object is an integer multiple of the elementary charge. Thus, an object's charge can be exactly 0 e, or exactly 1 e, −1 e, 2 e, etc., but not 1 / 2 e, or −3.8 e, etc. (There may be exceptions to this statement, depending on how "object" is defined; see below.)
The total electric charge of the neutron is 0 e. This zero value has been tested experimentally, and the present experimental limit for the charge of the neutron is −2(8) × 10 −22 e, [6] or −3(13) × 10 −41 C. This value is consistent with zero, given the experimental uncertainties (indicated in parentheses).
Particles called quarks have smaller charges, multiples of 1 / 3 e, but they are found only combined in particles that have a charge that is an integer multiple of e. In the Standard Model, charge is an absolutely conserved quantum number. The proton has a charge of +e, and the electron has a charge of −e. Today, a negative charge is ...
For the neutron, I is 1 / 2 ħ, so the neutron's g-factor is g n = −3.826 085 52 (90), [35] while the proton's g-factor is g p = 5.585 694 6893 (16). [ 36 ] The gyromagnetic ratio , symbol γ , of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic moment to its spin angular momentum, or μ = γ I . {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\mu ...
Antiquarks have the opposite charge to their corresponding quarks; up-type antiquarks have charges of − 2 / 3 e and down-type antiquarks have charges of + 1 / 3 e. Since the electric charge of a hadron is the sum of the charges of the constituent quarks, all hadrons have integer charges: the combination of three quarks ...
All observable subatomic particles have their electric charge an integer multiple of the elementary charge. The Standard Model's quarks have "non-integer" electric charges, namely, multiple of 1 / 3 e , but quarks (and other combinations with non-integer electric charge) cannot be isolated due to color confinement .
The neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM), denoted d n, is a measure for the distribution of positive and negative charge inside the neutron. A nonzero electric dipole moment can only exist if the centers of the negative and positive charge distribution inside the particle do not coincide. So far, no neutron EDM has been found.
In physics, the C parity or charge parity is a multiplicative quantum number of some particles that describes their behavior under the symmetry operation of charge conjugation. Charge conjugation changes the sign of all quantum charges (that is, additive quantum numbers ), including the electrical charge , baryon number and lepton number , and ...