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  2. Light-dependent reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-dependent_reactions

    In anoxygenic photosynthesis, various electron donors are used. Cytochrome b 6 f and ATP synthase work together to produce ATP (photophosphorylation) in two distinct ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b 6 f uses electrons from PSII and energy from PSI [citation needed] to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The ...

  3. Calvin cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cycle

    The sum of reactions in the Calvin cycle is the following: [citation needed] 3 CO 2 + 6 NADPH + 9 ATP + 5 H 2 O → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) + 6 NADP + + 9 ADP + 8 P i (P i = inorganic phosphate) Hexose (six-carbon) sugars are not products of the Calvin cycle. Although many texts list a product of photosynthesis as C 6 H 12 O

  4. Stroma (fluid) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroma_(fluid)

    Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast. [ 1 ] Within the stroma are grana (stacks of thylakoid ), the sub-organelles where photosynthesis is started [ 2 ] before the chemical changes are completed in the stroma.

  5. Chloroplast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast

    As a result, chloroplasts in C 4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage of photosynthesis. In mesophyll cells, chloroplasts are specialized for the light reactions, so they lack RuBisCO , and have normal grana and thylakoids , [ 136 ] which they use to make ATP and NADPH, as well as oxygen.

  6. Light-harvesting complexes of green plants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-harvesting_complexes...

    The N-terminus of the chlorophyll a-b binding protein extends into the stroma where it is involved with adhesion of granal membranes and photo-regulated by reversible phosphorylation of its threonine residues. [2] Both these processes are believed to mediate the distribution of excitation energy between photosystems I and II.

  7. Photophosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophosphorylation

    So, in the presence of light, synthesis of food is called 'photosynthesis'. Noncyclic photophosphorylation through light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane. In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Cyclic ...

  8. Photosynthetic reaction centre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic_reaction_centre

    The passage of the electron through the electron transport chain also results in the pumping of protons (hydrogen ions) from the chloroplast's stroma and into the lumen, resulting in a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane that can be used to synthesize ATP using the ATP synthase molecule.

  9. Photosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

    Schematic of photosynthesis in plants. The carbohydrates produced are stored in or used by the plant. Composite image showing the global distribution of photosynthesis, including both oceanic phytoplankton and terrestrial vegetation. Dark red and blue-green indicate regions of high photosynthetic activity in the ocean and on land, respectively.