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The FDA law defined maximum limits for the use of propylene glycol in various food categories under good manufacturing practices: [8] 2.0% for general food categories; 2.5% for frozen dairy products; 5% for alcoholic beverages; 5% for nuts and nut products; 24% for confections and frostings; 97% for seasonings and flavorings
Propylene glycol plays a significant role in the application of a glycol chiller. For cooling in brewing, there are few processes where decreasing or maintaining temperature are important - like crash cooling a beer after fermentation, or keeping a steady temperature during fermentation (which generates heat), or cooling the wort after an ...
Glycerin is often used in electronic cigarettes to create the vapor. Glycerin, along with propylene glycol, is a common component of e-liquid, a solution used with electronic vaporizers (electronic cigarettes). This glycerol is heated with an atomizer (a heating coil often made of Kanthal wire), producing the aerosol that delivers nicotine to ...
isopropyl alcohol – 2-propanol; often used as a solvent or rubbing alcohol; acrylonitrile – useful as a monomer in forming Orlon, ABS; polypropylene – polymerized propylene; propylene oxide [12] polyether polyol – used in the production of polyurethanes; propylene glycol – used in engine coolant [13] and aircraft deicer fluid
Polypropylene glycol is produced by ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. The initiator is an alcohol and the catalyst a base, usually potassium hydroxide. When the initiator is ethylene glycol or water the polymer is linear. With a multifunctional initiator like glycerine, pentaerythritol or sorbitol the polymer branches out ...
Propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is considerably less toxic than ethylene glycol and may be labeled as "non-toxic antifreeze". It is used as antifreeze where ethylene glycol would be inappropriate, such as in food-processing systems or in water pipes in homes where incidental ingestion may be possible.
Food chain in a Swedish lake. Osprey feed on northern pike, which in turn feed on perch which eat bleak which eat crustaceans.. A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice ...
Examples include ethane-1,2-diol or ethylene glycol HO−(CH 2) 2 −OH, a common ingredient of antifreeze products. Another example is propane-1,2-diol, or alpha propylene glycol, HO−CH 2 −CH(OH)−CH 3, used in the food and medicine industry, as well as a relatively non-poisonous antifreeze product.