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Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture ... chromosome segregation as well as development and pluripotency. ... (for example ...
The epigenetics of plant growth and development refers to the heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the DNA sequence, influencing processes in plants such as seed germination, flowering, and stress responses through mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. Plants depend on ...
For example, crosses of wildtype and methylated mutant Linaria vulgaris plants resulted in offspring that varied in their methylation of the gene controlling floral symmetry: Lcyc. [16] By proxy, their expression of Lcyc was varied and their floral symmetry phenotypes were a continuous distribution ranging from radially symmetrical to ...
Examples of environmentally induced transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in plants has also been reported. In one case, rice plants that were exposed to drought-simulation treatments displayed increased tolerance to drought after 11 generations of exposure and propagation by single-seed descent as compared to non-drought treated plants.
While plants do utilize many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, it has been hypothesized that some kinds of plant cells do not use or require "cellular memories", resetting their gene expression patterns using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their fate. [158]
Many plants grown in temperate climates require vernalization and must experience a period of low winter temperature to initiate or accelerate the flowering process. This ensures that reproductive development and seed production occurs in spring and winters, rather than in autumn. [3] The needed cold is often expressed in chill hours. Typical ...
By remodeling chromatin structure and changing the density of DNA packaging, gene expression can thus be modulated. [14] Chromatin remodeling occurs via post-translational modifications of the N-terminal tails of core histone proteins. [16] The collective set of histone modifications in a given cell is known as the histone code.
Movement of sRNAs that drive RdDM activity plays an important role in plant development, including during reproduction [23] [24] [27] and root development. [31] In both cases, sRNA movement seems to function primarily as a way to reinforce DNA methylation and silencing of TEs in developmentally important cell types, like germ cells and stem cells.