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The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop (CBGTC loop) is a system of neural circuits in the brain. The loop involves connections between the cortex , the basal ganglia , the thalamus , and back to the cortex.
The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop has been traditionally associated with reward-learning, and though has also been noted by some researchers to have a modulatory effect on thalamocortical network functioning, this is due to inherent activation of the premotor areas connecting the VA nucleus with the cortex. [22]
Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop [ edit ] The dopaminergic pathways that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) into the striatum (i.e., the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways, respectively) form one component of a sequence of pathways known as the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo ...
A clear emergent issue in comparative anatomy of the basal ganglia is the development of this system through phylogeny as a convergent cortically re-entrant loop in conjunction with the development and expansion of the cortical mantle.
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease involving the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia. [1] CBD symptoms typically begin in people from 50 to 70 years of age, and typical survival before death is eight years.
Thalamo-cortico-thalamic circuits consist of looped neural pathways that connect the thalamus to the cerebral cortex, and connect the cerebral cortex back to the thalamus.. Some researchers propose that such circuits allow the brain to obtain data on its own activi
In the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop the basal ganglia are interconnected, with little output to external targets. One target is the superior colliculus , from the pars reticulata . [ 20 ] [ 57 ] The two other major output subsystems are to the thalamus and from there to the cortex.
The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop (CBGTC) model is based on the observation that the basal ganglia loops related to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are implicated in OCD by neuroimaging studies, although the directionality of volumetric and functional changes is not consistent.