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The brothers of Jesus or the adelphoi (Ancient Greek: ἀδελφοί, romanized: adelphoí, lit. 'of the same womb, brothers') [1] [a] are named in the New Testament as James, Joses (a form of Joseph), Simon, Jude, [2] and unnamed sisters are mentioned in Mark and Matthew. [3]
Jesus's brothers – James as well as Jude, Simon, and Joses – are named in Matthew 13:55 and Mark 6:3 and mentioned elsewhere. James's name always appears first in lists, which suggests he was the eldest among them. [77] In Jewish Antiquities (20.9.1), Josephus describes James as "the brother of Jesus who is called Christ".
The Catholic Church defined that "brothers of Jesus" are not biological children of Mary, [2] because of the dogma of the perpetual virginity of Mary, [3] [4] by virtue of which it rejects the idea that Simon and any other than Jesus Christ God could be a biological son of Mary, suggesting that the so-called Desposyni were either sons of Joseph ...
Over the years the identity of Jude has been questioned, and confusion remains among biblical scholars. It is not clear if Jude, the brother of Jesus, is also Jude, the brother of James, or Jude the Apostle, son of Mary mother of James the less and Jude. There is an Apostle Jude in some lists of the Twelve, but not in others. He is called Jude ...
James, brother of Jesus. [2] Also called James the Just. [3] The New Testament calls him 'James, brother of the Lord' in Galatians 1:19. Note: along with a church expression 'James, brother of God' (Ἰάκωβος ὁ Ἀδελφόθεος), disputes have arisen on whether or not James was an actual biological brother of Jesus.
The discovery of a coffin first made headlines in 2002 when researchers found an inscription that reads: "James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus."
These two Gospels declare that Jesus was begotten not by Joseph, but by the power of the Holy Spirit while Mary was still a virgin, in fulfillment of prophecy. Thus, in mainstream Christianity, Jesus is regarded as being literally the "only begotten son" of God, while Joseph is regarded as his adoptive father.
Jesus himself frequently used the word "brother" as a generic term for one's fellow man. This custom has continued into modern times, with close friends, colleagues, and fellow churchgoers often called "brothers and sisters." Generally, most Protestants read "brothers and sisters" of Jesus as referring specifically to children born of Mary.