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  2. Expected return - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_return

    The expected return (or expected gain) on a financial investment is the expected value of its return (of the profit on the investment). It is a measure of the center of the distribution of the random variable that is the return. [1] It is calculated by using the following formula: [] = = where

  3. Calculating the Expected Return of a Portfolio

    www.aol.com/news/calculating-expected-return...

    An investment’s “expected return” is a critical number, but in theory it is fairly simple: It is the total amount of money you can expect to gain or lose on an investment with a predictable ...

  4. Expected value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value

    The expected profit from such a bet will be ⁡ [$] = $ + $ = $. That is, the expected value to be won from a $1 bet is −$ ⁠ 1 / 19 ⁠. Thus, in 190 bets, the net loss will probably be about $10.

  5. Modern portfolio theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory

    (⁡ ()) is the market premium, the expected excess return of the market portfolio's expected return over the risk-free rate. A derivation [ 14 ] is as follows: (1) The incremental impact on risk and expected return when an additional risky asset, a , is added to the market portfolio, m , follows from the formulae for a two-asset portfolio.

  6. Capital asset pricing model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model

    An estimation of the CAPM and the security market line (purple) for the Dow Jones Industrial Average over 3 years for monthly data.. In finance, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a model used to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset, to make decisions about adding assets to a well-diversified portfolio.

  7. Rate of return on a portfolio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_return_on_a_portfolio

    The rate of return on a portfolio can be calculated indirectly as the weighted average rate of return on the various assets within the portfolio. [3] The weights are proportional to the value of the assets within the portfolio, to take into account what portion of the portfolio each individual return represents in calculating the contribution of that asset to the return on the portfolio.

  8. Single-index model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-index_model

    These equations show that the stock return is influenced by the market (beta), has a firm specific expected value (alpha) and firm-specific unexpected component (residual). Each stock's performance is in relation to the performance of a market index (such as the All Ordinaries). Security analysts often use the SIM for such functions as ...

  9. Grinold and Kroner Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinold_and_Kroner_Model

    is the expected inflation rate g {\displaystyle g} is the real growth rate in earnings (note that by adding real growth and inflation, this is basically identical to just adding nominal growth) Δ S {\displaystyle \Delta S} is the changes in shares outstanding (i.e. increases in shares outstanding decrease expected returns)