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The Coffman engine starter (also known as a "shotgun starter") was a starting system used on many piston engines in aircraft and armored vehicles of the 1930s and 1940s. It used a cordite cartridge to move a piston, which cranked the engine.
The Coffman starter was an explosive cartridge operated device, the burning gases either operating directly in the cylinders to rotate the engine or operating through a geared drive. First introduced on the Junkers Jumo 205 diesel engine in 1936 the Coffman starter was not widely used by civil operators due to the expense of the cartridges. [11]
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I've added the "citation needed" expression to the text waiting for someone to prove me that Pratt & Whitney R-4360 or even the Fairchild C-82 Packet's Pratt & Whitney R-2800 (as used in "The Flight of the Phoenix" movie) used Coffman Starter. So far I believe such big engines used the more typical motor and inertia flywheel system.
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A .32 ACP FMJ cartridge, a .32 ACP FMJ cartridge in a blued .303 British supplemental chamber, and a .303 British FMJ cartridge (left to right) A caliber conversion device is a device which can be used to non-permanently alter a firearm to allow it to fire a different cartridge than the one it was originally designed to fire.
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Mk VIs were built with the Coffman cartridge starter, with a small teardrop fairing just ahead of the compressor intake. [ 100 ] The engine was a Rolls-Royce Merlin 47 driving a four-bladed Rotol propeller of 10 ft 9 in (3.27 m) diameter; the new propeller provided increased thrust at high altitudes, where the atmosphere is much thinner.