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A reconfigurable antenna is an antenna capable of modifying its frequency and radiation properties dynamically, in a controlled and reversible manner. [2] In order to provide a dynamic response, reconfigurable antennas integrate an inner mechanism (such as RF switches, varactors, mechanical actuators or tunable materials) that enable the intentional redistribution of the RF currents over the ...
The far-field pattern of an antenna may be determined experimentally at an antenna range, or alternatively, the near-field pattern may be found using a near-field scanner, and the radiation pattern deduced from it by computation. [1] The far-field radiation pattern can also be calculated from the antenna shape by computer programs such as NEC.
In a reconfigurable transmitarray, the focusing direction is determined by electronically controlling the phase shift through each unit cell. [13] This enables the beam to be steered towards the user. Electronic reconfiguration can be achieved by several possible methods. Radiation pattern for a planar transmitarray. [1]
The relative amplitudes of—and constructive and destructive interference effects among—the signals radiated by the individual antennas determine the effective radiation pattern of the array. A phased array may be used to point a fixed radiation pattern, or to scan rapidly in azimuth or elevation.
The quarter-wave monopole (0.25λ, blue) has a pattern identical to the upper half of a dipole antenna pattern. The half-wave monopole (0.5λ, green) radiates more of the power in horizontal directions. The maximum horizontal radiation for a monopole antenna is achieved at a length of 0.625λ (red). At lengths above a half wavelength (0.5λ ...
A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, self-similar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume.
A radiation pattern refers to the spatial variation of the electromagnetic fields, the field intensity, and/or the irradiance (power density), produced in the far-field from a localized source. Most commonly, the radiation pattern is described for a source in a homogeneous medium (typically vacuum or air).
Radiation resistance is instead calculated by computing the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna, the power flux (Poynting vector) at each angle, for a given antenna current. [23] This is integrated over a sphere enclosing the antenna to give the total power P r a d {\displaystyle \ P_{\mathsf {rad}}\ } radiated by the antenna.
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