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A self-serving bias is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner. [1] It is the belief that individuals tend to ascribe success to their own abilities and efforts, but ascribe failure to external factors. [2]
Egocentric bias: Recalling the past in a self-serving manner, e.g., remembering one's exam grades as being better than they were, or remembering a caught fish as bigger than it really was. Euphoric recall: The tendency of people to remember past experiences in a positive light, while overlooking negative experiences associated with that event.
Biases that affect memory, [18] such as consistency bias (remembering one's past attitudes and behavior as more similar to one's present attitudes). Biases that reflect a subject's motivation, [19] for example, the desire for a positive self-image leading to egocentric bias and the avoidance of unpleasant cognitive dissonance. [20]
Illusory superiority. In social psychology, illusory superiority is a cognitive bias wherein people overestimate their own qualities and abilities compared to others. Illusory superiority is one of many positive illusions, relating to the self, that are evident in the study of intelligence, the effective performance of tasks and tests, and the ...
The self-serving bias has been thought of as a means of self-esteem maintenance. [39] A person will feel better about themselves by taking credit for successes and creating external blames for failure. This is further reinforced by research showing that as self-threat increases, people are more likely to exhibit a self-serving bias. [40]
Self-serving bias would result in the assumption that the student's low grade is a result of poor teaching, which would direct the fault of one's reality away from one's own actions. Egocentric bias might also result in an overestimation of the number of students that received low grades in the class for the purpose to normalize these students ...
The self-serving attribution bias is very robust, occurring in public as well as in private, [25] [26] even when a premium is placed on honesty. [27] People most commonly manifest a self-serving bias when they explain the origin or events in which they personally had a hand or a stake. [28] [29]
Planning fallacy. The planning fallacy is a phenomenon in which predictions about how much time will be needed to complete a future task display an optimism bias and underestimate the time needed. This phenomenon sometimes occurs regardless of the individual's knowledge that past tasks of a similar nature have taken longer to complete than ...