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Hashimoto's encephalopathy, also known as steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), is a neurological condition characterized by encephalopathy, thyroid autoimmunity, and good clinical response to corticosteroids. It is associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and was first described in 1966.
Autoimmune encephalitis. Brain CT scan without contrast enhancement of a patient, female, 8 years old, with Rasmussen's encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a type of encephalitis, and one of the most common causes of noninfectious encephalitis. It can be triggered by tumors, infections, or it may be cryptogenic.
Anti-IgLON5 disease is an uncommon neurological autoimmune condition linked to autoantibodies directed against the IgLON5 protein. [1] Sleep disturbance, bulbar symptoms, and abnormal gait make up the majority of the clinical presentation, which is then followed by cognitive dysfunction. [2] The diagnosis of anti-IgLON5 disease is primarily ...
Limbic encephalitis is a form of encephalitis, a disease characterized by inflammation of the brain. [1] Limbic encephalitis is caused by autoimmunity: an abnormal state where the body produces antibodies against itself. Some cases are associated with cancer and some are not. [1] Although the disease is known as "limbic" encephalitis, it is ...
Leigh syndrome (also called Leigh disease and subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy) is an inherited neurometabolic disorder that affects the central nervous system. It is named after Archibald Denis Leigh, a British neuropsychiatrist who first described the condition in 1951. [2] Normal levels of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and ...
Treatment. Immunotherapy. [2] Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, [3] first described by Edwin Bickerstaff in 1951. [4][5] It may also affect the peripheral nervous system, and has features in common with both Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain–Barré syndrome.
Treatment may include antiviral medications (such as acyclovir), anticonvulsants, and corticosteroids. [1] Treatment generally takes place in hospital. [1] Some people require artificial respiration. [1] Once the immediate problem is under control, rehabilitation may be required. [2]
Rare [2] Deaths. ~4% risk of death [2] Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a type of brain inflammation caused by antibodies. [4] Early symptoms may include fever, headache, and feeling tired. [1][2] This is then typically followed by psychosis which presents with false beliefs (delusions) and seeing or hearing things that others do not see or ...