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Ulocladium botrytis is rarely pathogenic to humans but is associated with human allergic responses and is used in allergy tests. [5] [6] Ulocladium botrytis has been implicated in some cases of human fungal nail infection. [5] The fungus was first discovered in 1851 by German mycologist Carl Gottlieb Traugott Preuss. [1]
Fungi cause the majority of plant diseases, which in turn cause serious economic losses. Sometimes, as in the Great Irish Famine of 1845–1849, fungal diseases of plants, in this case potato blight caused by Phytophthora, result in large-scale human suffering. Fungi are similarly the main cause of economic losses of timber in buildings.
Nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent damage to nails. It may lead to other serious infections if the immune system is suppressed due to medication, diabetes or other conditions. The risk is most serious for people with diabetes and with immune systems weakened by leukemia or AIDS, or medication after organ transplant.
Like other members of the genus Aspergillus, the A. ustus group is affiliated with the family Trichocomaceae.A phylogenetic study of Aspergillus section Usti using morphology, secondary metabolite chemistry and gene sequencing (beta-tubulin and calmodulin) revealed 21 distinct species and showed an affiliation of the section with two teleomorph genera, Emericella and Fennellia.
Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophytic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota.It is an exclusively clonal, [2] anthropophilic saprotroph that colonizes the upper layers of dead skin, and is the most common cause of athlete's foot, fungal infection of nail, jock itch, and ringworm worldwide. [3]
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. [1] Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection.
Cryptococcus luteus is parasitic on Granulobasidium vellereum, a corticioid fungus, and is known from England and Italy. [14] It too is not known to produce a yeast state. [15] Cryptococcus amylolentus was originally isolated as a yeast from beetle tunnels in South African trees. It forms a basidia-bearing teleomorph in culture. [16]
The mycorrhizal symbiosis between plants and fungi is fundamental to terrestrial ecosystems, with evolutionary origins before the colonization of land by plants. [17] In the mycorrhizal symbiosis, a plant and a fungus become physically linked to one another and establish an exchange of resources between one another.