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An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. [1] They may have a large flat base or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle (pedunculated). [2] [3] Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. [4] They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. [3]
Uterine polyps: These growths—caused by an overgrowth of the endometrium—attach to the inner wall of the uterus, reaching into the uterine cavity, which can cause irregular or heavy bleeding ...
Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure consisting of the full removal of the uterus, and can include the removal of fallopian tubes (otherwise known as the uterine tubes), cervix and ovaries. [ 69 ] In the UK the use of hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding has been almost halved between 1989 and 2003. [ 70 ]
Endometrial atrophy, uterine fibroids, and endometrial cancer are common causes of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. About 10% of cases are due to endometrial cancer. [ 35 ] Uterine fibroids are benign tumors made of muscle cells and other tissues located in and around the wall of the uterus . [ 36 ]
[4] Besides the aforementioned physiologic forms, IMB may also represent abnormal uterine bleeding and be a sign of an underlying disorder, such as a hormone imbalance, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, uterine cancer, or vaginal cancer. [citation needed] If the bleeding is repeated and heavy, it can cause significant iron-deficiency anemia.
Cancers of the vagina or fallopian tubes are rare causes of hemorrhage. Uterine fibroids represent a common, benign condition that may lead to bleeding, specifically if the lesion affects the uterine cavity. Polyps of the uterine lining are a common cause of bleeding, but such bleeding tends to be light.
The underlying causes may include ovulation problems, fibroids, the lining of the uterus growing into the uterine wall, uterine polyps, underlying bleeding problems, side effects from birth control, or cancer. [3] More than one category of causes may apply in an individual case. [3] The first step in work-up is to rule out a tumor or pregnancy.
Bleeding from hemorrhoids and vulvar lesions can be mistaken for postcoital bleeding. [4] Post coital bleeding can occur with discharge, itching, or irritation. This may be due to Trichomonas or Candida. [13] A lack of estrogen can make vaginal tissue thinner and more susceptible to bleeding. Some have proposed that birth control pills may ...