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Syrup of ipecac (/ ˈ ɪ p ɪ k æ k /), or simply ipecac, is a drug that was once widely used as an expectorant (in low doses) and a rapid-acting emetic (in higher doses). It is obtained from the dried rhizome and roots of the ipecacuanha plant (Carapichea ipecacuanha), from which it derives its name.
Gastrointestinal infections (37%) and food poisoning are the two most common causes of acute nausea and vomiting. [1] Side effects from medications (3%) and pregnancy are also relatively frequent. [1] There are many causes of chronic nausea. [1] Nausea and vomiting remain undiagnosed in 10% of the cases.
Preliminary clinical data suggests ginger may be effective for treatment of nausea and/or vomiting in a number of settings. [19] [20] [21] Emetrol is also claimed to be an effective antiemetic. Propofol is given intravenously. It has been used in an acute care setting in hospital as a rescue therapy for emesis. [22]
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Pepto-Bismol is an over-the-counter drug currently produced by the Procter & Gamble company in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Pepto-Bismol is made in chewable tablets [ 24 ] and swallowable caplets, [ 25 ] but it is best known for its original formula, which is a thick liquid.
Common side effects include vomiting, black stools, diarrhea, and constipation. [1] A more serious side effect, pneumonitis, may result if aspirated into the lungs. [1] [2] Gastrointestinal obstruction and ileus are less common but serious adverse effects. [1] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally safe. [3]
It is given in liquid form, in a solution of sugar syrup and alcohol, containing 9 grams of pentobarbital. This is preceded by an antiemetic to prevent vomiting. [11] It is taken by mouth for physician-assisted death in the United States states of Oregon, Washington, Vermont, and California (as of January 2016).
Vomiting (also known as emesis, puking and throwing up) [a] is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. [ 1 ]
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