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Commodity money is to be distinguished from representative money, which is a certificate or token which can be exchanged for the underlying commodity, but only by a formal process. A key feature of commodity money is that the value is directly perceived by its users, who recognize the utility or beauty of the tokens as goods in themselves.
Many items have been used as commodity money such as naturally scarce precious metals, conch shells, barley, beads, etc., as well as many other things that are thought of as having value. Commodity money value comes from the commodity out of which it is made. The commodity itself constitutes the money, and the money is the commodity. [32]
However, value does not mean anything unless it conjoins back to use-value. If a commodity is produced and no one wants it or it has no use, then "the labour does not count as labour", and therefore it has no value. He also says that one can produce use-value without being a commodity. If one produces something solely for their own benefit or ...
In the reified perception of the political economists and the vulgar Marxists, products have value because they are expressible in money-prices, but Marx argues [205] that in reality it is just the other way round: because commodities have value, i.e. because they are all products with an average current replacement cost of social labour, [206 ...
The field of application of the law of value is limited to new output by producers of traded, reproducible labour-products, [22] although it might indirectly influence trade in other goods or assets (for example, the value of a second-hand good may be related to a newly produced good of the same type). Thus, the law does not apply to all goods ...
Capitalist society is epitomized by the so-called circuit of commodity production, M-C-M' and by renting money for that purpose where the aggregate of market actors determine the money price M, of the input labor and commodities and M' the struck price of C, the produced market commodity. It is centered on the process M → M', "making money ...
The word VALUE, it is to be observed, has two different meanings, and sometimes expresses the utility of some particular object, and sometimes the power of purchasing other goods which the possession of that object conveys. The one may be called "value in use;" the other, "value in exchange." The things which have the greatest value in use have ...
A commodity value expressed as a price is determined by historical, social and cultural aspects of production and distribution. [2] Karl Marx described price as the money-name for the labour realised in a commodity. [3] A commodity value is dependent on its utility. [4]