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Pb is used in HCl service even though the PbCl 2 formed is slightly soluble in HCl. Addition of 6–25% of antimony (Sb) increases corrosion resistance. [16] A basic chloride of lead, PbCl 2 ·Pb(OH) 2, is known as Pattinson's white lead and is used as pigment in white paint. [17]
2 PbO + PbS → 3 Pb + SO 2. Metallic lead is attacked (oxidized) only superficially by air, forming a thin layer of lead oxide that protects it from further oxidation. The metal is not attacked by sulfuric or hydrochloric acids. It dissolves in nitric acid with the evolution of nitric oxide gas to form dissolved Pb(NO 3) 2. 3 Pb + 8 H + + 8 NO −
Concentrated HCl must not be used, because it forms a soluble complex ([PbCl 4] 2−) with Pb 2+. Consequently, the Pb 2+ ion would go undetected. The most important cations in the 1st group are Ag +, Hg 2+ 2, and Pb 2+. The chlorides of these elements cannot be distinguished from each other by their colour - they are all white solid compounds.
Pb Pb 2+ + 2 e −: ⇌ Pb(s) -0.126 2 [7] W WO 2 (s) + 4 H + + 4 e −: ⇌ W(s) + 2 H 2 O-0.12 4 Ge GeO 2 (s) + 2 H + + 2 e −: ⇌ GeO(s) + H 2 O-0.118 2 [8] P P(red) + 3 H + + 3 e −: ⇌ PH 3 (g) -0.111 3 [10] C CO 2 (g) + 2 H + + 2 e −: ⇌ HCOOH(aq) -0.11 2 Se Se(s) + 2 H + + 2 e −: ⇌ H 2 Se (g) -0.11 2 [6]: 790 C CO 2 (g) + 2 H ...
Lead tetrachloride can be made by reacting lead(II) chloride PbCl 2, and hydrochloric acid HCl, in the presence of chlorine gas (Cl 2), [5] leading to the formation of chloroplumbic acid H 2 PbCl 6. It is then converted to the ammonium salt (NH 4 ) 2 PbCl 6 by adding ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl).
In aqueous solution, lead(II) hydroxide is a somewhat weak base, forming lead(II) ion, Pb 2+, under weakly acidic conditions. This cation hydrolyzes and, under progressively increasing alkaline conditions, it becomes somewhat weak acid, and it forms Pb(OH) +, Pb(OH) 2 (aqueous), Pb(OH) − 3, and other species, including several polynuclear species, e.g., Pb 4 (OH) 4+ 4, Pb 3 (OH) 2+ 4, Pb 6 O ...
Lead(II) chromate can be produced by treating sodium chromate with lead salts such as lead(II) nitrate or by combining lead(II) oxide with chromic acid.. Related lead sulfochromate pigments are produced by the replacement of some chromate by sulfate, resulting in a mixed lead-chromate-sulfate compositions Pb(CrO 4) 1−x (SO 4) x.
Pb 2+ + H 2 S → PbS↓ + 2 H + This reaction is used in qualitative inorganic analysis. The presence of hydrogen sulfide or sulfide ions may be tested using "lead acetate paper." Like the related materials PbSe and PbTe, PbS is a semiconductor. [9] In fact, lead sulfide was one of the earliest materials to be used as a semiconductor. [10]