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But in the elderly several factors makes taking history more difficult and time-consuming. Many differences can be seen in geriatric anesthesia. First, the preoperative evaluation of the geriatric patient is typically more complex than that of the younger patient because of the heterogeneity of this patient group and the greater number and ...
Spinal anaesthesia (or spinal anesthesia), also called spinal block, subarachnoid block, intradural block and intrathecal block, [1] is a form of neuraxial regional anaesthesia involving the injection of a local anaesthetic or opioid into the subarachnoid space, generally through a fine needle, usually 9 cm (3.5 in) long.
Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia in labouring women is associated with more pruritus if fentanyl (25 μg) is given intrathecally, than low-dose epidural analgesia. However, no difference has been found in the incidence of post dural puncture headache , requirement for epidural blood patch or maternal hypotension.
Pharmacologic treatment will include antihypertensive medications. Options include sublingual or topical nitrates as well as oral hydralazine or clonidine. Ganglionic blockers can also be used to control sympathetic nervous system outflow. [29] [13] Epidural anesthesia has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing AD in women in labor ...
It was modified and revived in the 1990s, primarily by chiropractors, and also by osteopathic physicians; this was likely due to safer anesthesia used for conscious sedation, along with increased interest in spinal manipulation (SM). [26] In the MUA literature, spinal manipulation under anesthesia has been described as a controversial procedure.
Age, duration of anaesthesia, introperative complications, and postoperative infections were found to be associated with POCD. [3] POCD is just as likely to occur after operations under regional anesthesia as under general anesthesia. [2] [4] More likely after major operations than minor operations. [9] [11]
Complications may include paralysis, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and lung infections. Although DISH manifests in a similar manner to ankylosing spondylitis , they are separate diseases. Ankylosing spondylitis is a genetic disease with identifiable marks, tends to start showing signs in adolescence or young adulthood, is more likely to ...
In Pakistan, spinal cord injury is more common in males (92.68%) as compared to females in the 20–30 years of age group with a median age of 40 years, although people from 12–70 years of age suffered from spinal cord injury [73] Rates of injury are at their lowest in children, at their highest in the late teens to early twenties, then get ...